BRAINLESS BOX JELLIES CAN LEARN BY EXPERIENCE

mikrobiotch - πŸ”¬πŸ§ͺ🧫🧬

BRAINLESS BOX JELLIES CAN LEARN BY EXPERIENCE

Mangrove box jellyfish (Tripedalia cystophora) is a small species of box jellyfish, native to the Caribbean Sea and the Central Indo-Pacific, presenting a simple nervous system. But despite tiny, researchers have demonstrated present the ability to learn by association. Although has no central brain, and being the size of the finger-tip, this box jelly can be trained to associate the sensation of bumping into something with a visual cue, and to use the information to avoid future collisions.

In the wild, the Mangrove box jellyfish forage for tiny crustaceans between the roots of mangroves. To mimic this environment, researchers placed the box jellies in cylindrical tanks that had either black and white or grey and white vertical stripes on the walls. To the jellyfish, the dark stripes looked like mangrove roots in either clear or murky water. In the β€˜murky water’ tanks, the jellyfish bumped into the wall because their visual system couldn’t detect the grey stripes very clearly. But after a few minutes, they learnt to adjust their behaviour, pulsing rapidly to swim away from the wall when they got too close, this state learning is based on the combination of visual and mechanical stimuli in simple animals with no brain.

The learning process, in difference with vertebrate animals, doesnt occurs in a central neuronal organs, but instead in a small organs named rhopalial nervous system, which act as learning center, in which the jelly combines visual and mechanical stimuli during operant conditioning.

Main image: An adult specimen of the box jellyfishΒ T.Β cystophora., showing where is located one of the four sensory structures named rhopalia, which includes two lens eyes. Each rhopalium also contains a visual information processing center.

Reference (Open Access): Bielecki et al., 2023. Associative learning in the box jellyfish Tripedalia cystophora.Β Current Biology.

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