The Most Noble Order of the Garter
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The Most Senior Order of Knighthood in the British Honors System. This honor outranks The Victoria Cross & The George Cross,
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King Edward III of England in 1348
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𝒯𝒽𝑒 𝒞𝓇𝑒𝒶𝓉𝒾𝑜𝓃
The Order of the Garter was created on April 23rd, 1344 & was created to help King Edward’s claim to the French throne. The Order is dedicated to Saint George because he is the Patron Saint of England. The Most Noble Order of the Garter was inspired by the Spanish Order of the Band, which was created in 1330.
𝑀𝑒𝓃𝓉𝒾𝑜𝓃𝓈 𝑜𝒻 𝒯𝒽𝑒 𝒢𝒶𝓇𝓉𝑒𝓇 𝒾𝓃 𝐹𝒶𝓂𝑜𝓊𝓈 𝒲𝓇𝒾𝓉𝓉𝑒𝓃 𝒫𝒾𝑒𝒸𝑒𝓈
(Joanot Martorell)
(John of Gaunt Duke of Aquitaine)
(Countess Isabella of Bedford)
The earliest mention of The Most Noble Order of the Garter was mentioned in Tirant to Blanch by Joanot Martorell, a chivalric romance piece of literature (A literary genre of high culture), which was written in Catalan (Now called Valencian Language) in 1490. King Edward III’s wardrobe shows that Garter habits first issued in 1348. The Middle English poem “Sir Gawain & the Green Knight,” which was written in the late 14th century, mentions The Most Noble Order of the Garter. In the poem, a girdle is very similar to a garter (in an erotic way). The poem also mentions a different version of the Order’s motto which is written “Corsed worth cowarddyse and couetyse bope,” which translates to “Cursed be both cowardice and coveting.” The author of the poem is argued by scholars but there is a connection between two candidates: John of Gaunt Duke of Aquitaine & Enguerrand VII de Coucy. Enguerrand was married to King Edward III’s daughter Countess Isabella of Bedford & was received the Order of the Garter on their wedding day.
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(King Richard 1 of England)
Various stories & legends surround the origin of The Most Noble Order of the Garter.
The most popular story involves Catherine (Grandison) Montagu The Countess of Salisbury. It is said, that the countess’s garter slipped off from her leg, while she was dancing at a court ball that took place in Calais, France. When the garter slipped from the countess’s leg, courtiers laughed & just watched the scene happen. The King saw what had happen & returned the garter to the Countess exclaiming “Honi soit qui mal y pense!" Which translates in English to “Shame on him who thinks ill of it!” This is saying that is written on the The Most Noble Order of the Garter.
The earliest written story dates back to the 1460′s. A garter in the mid-14th century, was seen mostly as a item of male attire. Looking back on the story, the garter (that was seen as item of female underclothing), actually has the garter stated as a symbol of a band of knights.
A 2nd story is connected to King Richard I of England. In the 12th century, King Richard was inspired by St. George the Matyr, while he was fighting in the Crusades (A series of religious wars in Western Asia & Europe between the 11th & 17th century). The king tied garters around the legs of his knights, who won the battle. King Edward, recalled the story of King Richard during the 14th century when founding the The Most Noble Order of the Garter. This story is actually recounted in a letter to the Annual Register (A long-established reference work, written and published each year, which records and analyses the year's major events, developments and trends throughout the world) that was written in 1774.
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The emblem for The Most Noble Order of the Garter is a garter with a written Middle French Moto that says "Honi soit qui mal y pense” which means “Shame on him who thinks evil of it” & the motto is written in gold lettering. The motto refers to King Edward’s claim to the French throne. The use of the garter with the emblem, derived from straps that are used to fasten armor & was chosen because of the tight-knit “band/bond” of Edward’s knightly cause supporters.
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𝒯𝒽𝑒 𝒞𝒽𝑜𝑜𝓈𝒾𝓃𝑔 𝒫𝓇𝑜𝒸𝑒𝓈𝓈
Each member would nominate 9 candidates who have the rank of either Earl or higher (3 members), have the rank of Baron or higher (3 members), & have the rank of Knight or higher (3 members). The Sovereign then personally chooses as many nominees that as necessary to fill any vacant spots in the current Order of the Garter. But with the nominees comes a decision. The Sovereign (He or She), are not obliged to choose the nominees who received the most nomination counts. This practice ended in 1860. Today, before receiving the The Most Noble Order of the Garter, an appointment is made with the Sovereign (A.K.A: The Queen) at sole discretion.
𝒯𝒽𝑒 𝒞𝒽𝑜𝑜𝓈𝒾𝓃𝑔 𝒫𝓇𝑜𝒸𝑒𝓈𝓈 𝐻𝒾𝓈𝓉𝑜𝓇𝓎
(The Right Honorable Clement Attlee 1st Earl of Attlee)
(The Right Honorable Sir Winston Churchill)
During the 18th century, the Sovereign would choose those to serve on The Most Noble Order of the Garter, by the advice of the current Government. In 1946, membership of the United Kingdom’s highest ranking orders of Chivalry (The Most Illustrious Order of Saint Patrick, The Most Noble Order of the Garter, & Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle) became a personal choice of the Sovereign once again, with the joint agreement of Prime Minister The Right Honorable Clement Attlee 1st Earl of Attlee & The Leader of the Opposition The Right Honorable Sir Winston Churchill.
The person being appointed to the Order is announced on April 23rd which is known as St. George’s Day. When created, it was said that the original status required that each member of the Order already be a knight (now referred to as a Knight Bachelor). The initial members were knighted the year, the order was created.
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(Each Members photo will be below their name)
Male members of The Most Noble Order of the Garter are titled “Knights Companion.”
♕ Sir Sanchet D’Abrichecourt
♕ Edward, The Black Prince, Prince of Wales
♕ Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster
♕ Thomas de Beauchamp, 11th Earl of Warwick
♕ Jean III de Grailly, Capital de Buch
♕ Ralph Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford
♕ William de Montagu, 2nd Earl of Salisbury
♕ Sir Roger de Mortimer, 2nd Earl of March
♕ John de Lisle, 2nd Baron Lisle of Rougemony
♕ Bartholomew Burghersh, 2nd Baron Burghersh
♕ Admiral of the Fleet Sir John Paveley de Beauchamp, 1st Baron Beauchamp de Warwick
♕ John (V) de Mohun, 2nd Baron Mohun
♕ Sir Hugh Courtenay
♕ Thomas Holland, 1st Earl of Kent
♕ John de Grey, 2nd Baron Grey de Rotherfield
♕ Sir Richard Fitz-Simon
♕ Sir Miles Stapleton of Bedale
♕ Sir Thomas Wale
♕ Sir Hugh Wrottesley
♕ Sir Neil Loring
♕ Sir John Chandos, Viscount of Saint-Sauveur
♕ Sir James Audley
♕ Sir Otho Holand
♕ Sir Henry Eam
♕ Sir Sanchet D'Abrichecourt
♕ Sir Walter Paveley
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𝐿𝒶𝒹𝒾𝑒𝓈 𝒞𝑜𝓂𝓅𝒶𝓃𝒾𝑜𝓃 𝑜𝒻 𝓉𝒽𝑒 𝒢𝒶𝓇𝓉𝑒𝓇
(Each members photo will be under their names)
(King Henry VII of England)
(Lady Margaret Beaufort)
(Her Majesty Queen Alexandra)
(His Majesty King Edward VII)
(His Majesty King George V)
(Her Majesty Queen Mary)
(His Majesty King George VI)
(Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother)
After The Most Noble Order of the Garter was founded, like men, women were appointed Ladies of the Garter but were not companions. Ladies of the Garter included: Lady Margaret Beaufort (Mother to King Henry VII of England), Her Majesty Queen Alexandra (Wife of His Majesty King Edward VII: She was named Lady of the Garter by her husband), Her Majesty Queen Mary (Wife to His Majesty King George V: She was named Lady of the Garter by her husband), & Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (Wife to His Majesty King George VI: She was named Lady of the Garter by her husband). This practice though, was put to a stop by King Henry VII of England in 1488. Although beginning in the 20th century, women began to be re-associated with the The Most Noble Order of the Garter, but were again not made companions. In 1987, under the statue of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, it became possible to install “Ladies Companion of the Garter.”
𝒪𝒻𝒻𝒾𝒸𝑒𝓇𝓈
(Each members photo will be under their names)
(Timothy John Dakin)
(James Hamilton, The 5th Duke of Abercorn)
(Thomas Woodcock)
(Sarah Clarke)
(The Right Reverend Bishop David Conner, The Dean of Windsor)
(Patric Laurence Dickinson)
The Most Noble Order of the Garter has 6 different types of Officers:
1. The Prelate: This position will always belong to The Bishop of Winchester. Currently - Timothy John Dakin (Since 2012).
2. The Chancellor: Responsible for the Seal & Its Use: Currently - James Hamilton The 5th Duke of Abercorn (Since 2012)
3. The Register: Currently - The Right Reverend Bishop David Conner, The Dean of Windsor
4. The Garter Principal King of Arms: The Officer has jurisdiction over England, Wales, & Northern Ireland (With exception of Canada). Responds to the Earl Marshal for the running of the College & is the Principal Advisor to the Sovereign of the United Kingdom. This officer announces the New Monarch, after the current monarch has died. Currently - Thomas Woodcock (Since April 2010).
5. The Gentleman/Lady Usher of the Black Rod: Responsible for controlling access to and maintaining order within the House of Lords & its precincts, as well as for ceremonial events within those precincts. The officer is also the Usher & Doorkeeper at Order of the Garter Meetings & the personal attendant of the Sovereign. This officer has many other positions & duties as well. Currently - Sarah Clarke (Since February 13th, 2018)
6. The Secretary: Currently - Patric Laurence Dickinson (Since September 1st, 2010)
𝒮𝓊𝓅𝑒𝓇𝓃𝓊𝓂𝑒𝓇𝒶𝓇𝓎 𝑀𝑒𝓂𝒷𝑒𝓇𝓈
(Each members photo will be under their names)
Along with the Founder, Ladies Companion of the Garter, & The Original Members of the The Most Noble Order of the Garter, there is another group of members who receive this honor. These members are called Supernumerary Members & they are the members who do not count towards the limit of the 24 Living Family Members/Companions but are in association of the Order. These members can also be referred to Royal Knights & Ladies of the Garter.
(His Majesty King George I of Great Britain)
(His Majesty King George II of Great Britain)
(His Majesty King George III of The United Kingdom)
(His Imperial Majesty Emperor Alexander I of Russia)
These titles were created by His Majesty King George III of The United Kingdom in 1786 but didn’t create the statute of Supernumerary Members until 1805. He created the title of Supernumerary Members, so that his sons didn’t count toward the 24 companion limit. King George created the statute of members, so that any descendant of His Majesty King George II of Great Britain, could not be installed in The Most Noble Order of the Garter as such a member. 8 years later in 1813, during the reign of His Imperial Majesty Emperor Alexander I of Russia, a membership of being a supernumerary member was extended to foreign monarchs. These members were known as Stranger Knights & Ladies of the Garter. The Statute of Supernumerary Members was put back into play in 1831 & extended to all descendants of His Majesty King George I of Great Britain. In 1954, each installation into The Most Noble Order of the Garter, required an enactment of the statute. The statute authorizes the regular admission of Stranger Knights & Ladies of the Garter without further special enactments.
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*Fact: The Most Noble Order of the Garter is only allowed to The Sovereign/Monarch, The Heir to the Throne, 24 Living Family Members/Companions, & Various Supernumerary (not belonging to a regular staff but engaged for work) Members. The Monarch alone can also grant membership.*
(Each Member will have their photo below their name)
♕ Her Majesty The Queen: Sovereign of The Most Noble Order of the Garter
♕ His Royal Highness Prince Philip
♕ His Royal Highness Prince Charles: Royal Knight Companion of The Most Noble Order of the Garter
♕ His Royal Highness Prince William
♕ His Royal Highness Prince Andrew
♕ His Royal Highness Prince Edward
♕ Her Royal Highness Anne The Princess Royal
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The Degradation of a Member of the The Most Noble Order of the Garter is a big issue, but can be done by the current Sovereign. This began in the late 15th century.
𝒯𝒽𝑒 𝒟𝑒𝑔𝓇𝒶𝒹𝒶𝓉𝒾𝑜𝓃 𝒫𝓇𝑜𝒸𝑒𝓈𝓈
During the 15th century, The Degradation of a Member of the The Most Noble Order of the Garter was a formal ceremony. The Garter King of Arms is accompanied by the rest of the members at St. George’s Chapel. The Garter of Arms reads aloud the reason for degradation as a member climbs up a ladder to remove the former knights banner, crest, helm, & sword into the choir. The other members then lead the degraded knight down the length of the chapel, out the doors, & into the castle ditch.
𝐿𝒾𝓈𝓉 𝑜𝒻 𝒟𝑒𝑔𝓇𝒶𝒹𝑒𝒹 𝑀𝑒𝓂𝒷𝑒𝓇𝓈
During World War 1, a total of 8 knights were degraded from their positions: 2 Royal Knights & 6 Stranger Knights. These knights were rulers, monarchs, or princes of enemy nations in 1915.
(Each Member will have their photo below their name)
♕ 1915: His Highness The Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha: Broke off relations with his family in the Belgian & British Courts to support the German Empire. He was stripped of his honor by His Majesty King George V.
♕ 1915: Crown Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover, 3rd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale: World War 1 created conflict between the British Royal Family & the Hanoverian Cousins. He was stripped of his honor by His Majesty King George V.
♕ 1915: His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty Franz Joseph I The Emperor of Austria & Apostolic King of Hungary: Besides being stripped of his position in The Most Noble Order of the Garter, he was also stripped of his Royal Victorian Chain Award.
♕ 1915: His Royal Highness Prince Henry of Prussia: Besides being stripped from his position in The Most Noble Order of the Garter, he was also stripped of his position from The Most Honourable Order of the Bath & stripped of his Royal Victorian Chain Award.
♕ 1915: His Imperial and Royal Highness Wilhelm The German Crown Prince & Crown Prince of Prussia: Besides being stripped from his position in The Most Noble Order of the Garter, he was also stripped of his position from The Most Honourable Order of the Bath & stripped of his Royal Victorian Chain Award.
♕ 1915: His Imperial and Royal Majesty Wilhelm II The German Emperor & King of Prussia: His Imperial & Royal Majesty is the most stripped Knight on this list. In 1915, he was not only stripped from his position in The Most Noble Order of the Garter, he was also stripped of his position from The Order of Saint John, The Honorary Grand Cross, Royal Victorian Order, & his Royal Victorian Chain Award.
♕ 1941: His Majesty King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy: King Victor was stripped of his British Honors, after Italy entered World War 1 against the United Kingdom. His Majesty was not only stripped from his position in The Most Noble Order of the Garter, he was also stripped of his position from The Most Honorable Order of the Bath & his Royal Victorian Chain Award.
♕ 1941-1971: Emperor Hirohito of Japan: Emperor Hirohito was was stripped of his British Honors after Japan entered World War 2 against the United Kingdom. He was stripped of his position in The Most Noble Order of the Garter. In 1971, The Emperor was restored as a knight in The Most Noble Order of the Garter by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. His British Honors include: Honorary General in the British Army, Field Marshal of Regular Army in the British Army, Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, Honorary Knight Grand Cross of The Most Honorable Order of the Bath, Knight of The Most Noble Order of the Garter, & Foreign Member of the Royal Society.
Y’all! My account has grown over 24 hours after I began posting information about the Tiaras of the British Royal Family! I love y’all so freaking much! If you see me reposting your pictures, it will be either on this Royal Account or on my personal @shesaheartlikeawildflower . Go follow my personal & I can’t wait to post more about the British Royal Family on here! I always admired the family ever since Kate & William’s wedding in 2011 & honestly growing up I always felt like I belonged in England.
𝐹𝓇𝑒𝒹𝑒𝓇𝒾𝒸𝓀 𝒲𝒾𝓃𝒹𝓈𝑜𝓇
♕ 𝐹𝓊𝓁𝓁 𝒩𝒶𝓂𝑒: Frederick Michael George David Louis Windsor
♕ 𝐹𝓊𝓁𝓁 𝒯𝒾𝓉𝓁𝑒: Lord Frederick Michael George David Louis Windsor
♕ 𝐵𝓸𝓇𝓃: Friday, April 6th, 1979 at St. Mary’s Hospital in London, England
♕ 𝒫𝒶𝓇𝑒𝓃𝓉𝓈: His Royal Highness Prince Michael of Kent (Father) & Her Royal Highness Marie Princess Michael of Kent (Mother)
♕ 𝒮𝒾𝒷𝓁𝒾𝓃𝑔𝓈: Lady Gabriella Kingston (Sister)
♕ 𝒮𝓅𝓸𝓊𝓈𝑒: Sophie Lara Winkleman - Lady Frederick Windsor
♕ 𝒞𝒽𝒾𝓁𝒹𝓇𝑒𝓃: Maud Windsor (Daughter) & Alexandra Windsor (Daughter)
♕ 𝐸𝒹𝓊𝒸𝒶𝓉𝒾𝓸𝓃: Wetherby School (In London, England), Sunningdale School (In Sunningdale, Berkshire, England), Eton College (In Eton, Berkshire, England), & Madalen College at the University of Oxford (In Oxford, England: Undergraduate Degree in Classics)
♕ 𝐼𝓃𝓉𝑒𝓇𝑒𝓈𝓉𝓈 𝒶𝓃𝒹 𝒲𝓸𝓇𝓀: Interests: Business (Finance & Personal Development Workshops), Culture & Heritage, People (The Disadvantaged, The Socially Isolated, & The Vulnerable), & Science (Archaeology). Work: Bank Trainee, Banker/Chartered Financial Analyst/Vice President at JP Morgan, Burberry Fashion Model, Financial Analyst, Inductee of The Grand Order of Water Rats Charitable Fraternity, Investment Banker, Music Journalist for Tatler Magazine, President of Soldier On!, Solicitor in Entertainment Law, (Planned but never did), & Tomasz Starzewski Fashion Model
Y’all! Go check this video out! Define let had me laughing the entire time but it made my Monday! 🤣🇬🇧👑
𝒯𝒾𝒶𝓇𝒶 𝒯𝓊𝑒𝓈𝒹𝒶𝓎
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𝒯𝒾𝒶𝓇𝒶 𝒩𝒶𝓂𝑒
The Lotus Flower Tiara
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𝒪𝓌𝓃𝑒𝓇𝓈/𝒲𝑒𝒶𝓇𝑒𝓇𝓈:
♕ Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (1923 - 1959): A Wedding Gift from her husband His Majesty George VI The King
♕ Lady Mary Elphinstone (1937): Loaned to Mary by her sister Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother for Elizabeth’s Coronation.
♕ Her Royal Highness The Princess Margaret Countess of Snowdon (1959 - 1993): Wedding Gift from her mother Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother
♕ The Right Honorable Serena Armstrong-Jones The Countess of Snowdon (1993 - ???): The Tiara was loaned to the Countess by Her Royal Highness The Princess Margaret Countess of Snowdon to wear for her wedding to The Right Honorable David Armstrong-Jones The Earl of Snowdon
♕ Her Royal Highness Catherine The Duchess of Cambridge (2013 - 2015): The Duchess wore this tiara twice for a reception & banquet.
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𝒞𝓇𝑒𝒶𝓉𝒾𝑜𝓃 𝒴𝑒𝒶𝓇:
The Tiara was made in 1923 from a necklace The Queen Mother received from her husband His Majesty George VI The King. The Necklace was purchased from The House of Garrard.
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𝒟𝑒𝓈𝒾𝑔𝓃:
The Tiara was made in 1923 from a necklace The Queen Mother received from her husband His Majesty George VI The King. Elizabeth decided she’d rather dismantle it and reuse the gems elsewhere. Only six months after she received it, Garrard broke up the necklace and used the diamonds and pearls to create this tiara. The Tiara is a delicate diamond tiara of fanned motifs crowned by floating diamond arches and studded with two pearls at the base and a central top pearl.
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𝑅𝑜𝓎𝒶𝓁 𝐸𝓋𝑒𝓃𝓉𝓈
♕ 1928: Portrait of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother)
♕ 1937: Coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth (Lady Mary Elphinstone)
♕ 1960 (2 Times): 1. State Banquet at Buckingham Palace for the France State Visit & 2. Reception at the Thailand Embassy (Her Royal Highness The Princess Margaret Countess of Snowdon)
♕ 1962 (2 Times): 1. Official State Opening of The Jamaican Parliament & 2. Dinner with the Liberian President (Her Royal Highness The Princess Margaret Countess of Snowdon)
♕ 1964: Official State Opening at the King's House at Kensington Palace (Her Royal Highness The Princess Margaret Countess of Snowdon)
♕ 1966: Official Royal Engagement with her Husband (Her Royal Highness The Princess Margaret Countess of Snowdon)
♕ 1971: State Banquet at the Embassy of Japan in London hosted by Emperor Hirohito of Japan (Her Royal Highness The Princess Margaret Countess of Snowdon)
♕ 1982: The Claridges Banquet (Her Royal Highness The Princess Margaret Countess of Snowdon)
♕ 1993: The Wedding of The Right Honorable Serena Armstrong-Jones The Countess of Snowdon & The Right Honorable David Armstrong-Jones The Earl of Snowdon (The Right Honorable Serena Armstrong-Jones The Countess of Snowdon)
♕ 2013: Annual Reception for Ambassadors and Diplomats at Buckingham Palace in London (Her Royal Highness Catherine The Duchess of Cambridge)
♕ 2015: State Banquet at Buckingham Palace for the China State Visit (Her Royal Highness Catherine The Duchess of Cambridge)
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𝐹𝓊𝓃 𝐹𝒶𝒸𝓉𝓈:
♕ This Tiara is also called The Papyrus Leaf Tiara.
♕ The Tiara can either be worn low on the head like a Bandeau Tiara or on the top of the head like a regular tiara.
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𝐵𝒾𝓇𝑔𝒾𝓉𝓉𝑒, 𝒟𝓊𝒸𝒽𝑒𝓈𝓈 𝑜𝒻 𝒢𝓁𝑜𝓊𝒸𝑒𝓈𝓉𝑒𝓇
♕ 𝐹𝓊𝓁𝓁 𝒩𝒶𝓂𝑒: Birgitte Eva van Deurs Henriksen
♕ 𝐹𝓊𝓁𝓁 𝒯𝒾𝓉𝓁𝑒: Her Royal Highness, Birgitte The Duchess of Gloucester
♕ 𝐵𝓸𝓇𝓃: Thursday, June 20th, 1946 in Odense, Denmark
♕ 𝒫𝒶𝓇𝑒𝓃𝓉𝓈: Asger Preben Wissing Henriksen (Father) & Vivian van Deurs (Mother)
♕ 𝒮𝓅𝓸𝓊𝓈𝑒: His Royal Highness Prince Richard The Duke of Gloucester (M. 1972)
♕ 𝒞𝒽𝒾𝓁𝒹𝓇𝑒𝓃: Major Alexander Patrick Gregers Richard Windsor Earl of Ulster (Son), Lady Davina Elizabeth Alice Benedikte Windsor (Daughter), & The Lady Rose Gilman (Daughter)
♕ 𝒢𝓇𝒶𝓃𝒹𝒸𝒽𝒾𝓁𝒹𝓇𝑒𝓃: Xan Richard Anders Windsor Lord Culloden (Grandson), Lady Cosima Rose Alexandra Windsor (Granddaughter), Senna Kowhai Lewis (Granddaughter), Tāne Mahuta (Grandson), Lyla Beatrix Christabel Gilman (Granddaughter), & Rufus Frederick Montagu Gilman (Grandson)
♕ 𝐸𝒹𝓊𝒸𝒶𝓉𝒾𝓸𝓃: Schools in Odense, Denmark & Finishing Schools in Lausanne, Switzerland and Cambridge, England.
♕ 𝒫𝒶𝓉𝓇𝑜𝓃𝒶𝑔𝑒𝓈 & 𝐼𝓃𝓉𝑒𝓇𝑒𝓈𝓉𝓈: Inspirations & Passions: People in Need (Navy, Youth, Poverty, & Army Families), Health (The Blind, Hospitals, Parkinson’s Disease, Prostate Cancer, Infant Deaths, Baby Health, Obstetricians, Music Therapy, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, Child Disabilities & Therapy, Speech Impairments, The Deaf, Cerebral Palsy, Adult Disabilities, Women in Medicine, Spina Bifida, & Hydrocephalus), Education (Academies, Schools, Colleges, & Children with Learning Disabilities), The Arts (Music, Dance, Wine Making, Fan Making, Thread Work, Basketry, Needlework, & Embroidery), Sports (Lawn Tennis, Croquet, & Tennis) Patronages: Sponsor of 2 Royal Navy Ships: HMS Gloucester & HMS Ardent Association, Patron of SeeAbility (The Royal London School for the Blind), President of King Edward's School Bridewell Royal Hospital, Patron of St John's School in Leatherhead, President of King Edward's School, Chief Patron of Hope for Youth in Northern Ireland, Royal President of The Children's Society, Patron of Parkinson's UK, President of Royal Academy of Music, Royal Patron of Prostate Cancer UK, Patron of Turn2us, Royal Patron of TR14ers Community Dance Team, Honorary Freeman & Liveryman of The Worshipful Company of Vintners, Honorary Liveryman of The Worshipful Company of Gold and Silver Wyre Drawers, Liveryman of The Worshipful Company of Fan Makers, Honorary Freeman of The Worshipful Company of Drapers, Honorary Liveryman of The Worshipful Company of Basketmakers, President of The Royal School of Needlework, President of The Princess Helena College, Patron of The Lullaby Trust, Honorary Fellow Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Royal Patron of Missing People, Patron of Music in Hospitals and Care, Royal Patron of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) Association, Patron of Chailey Heritage Foundation, Freeman of City of Gloucester, Freeman of City of London, Honorary Member of All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club, Patron of Association for All Speech Impaired Children (Afasic), Patron of Asthma UK, Vice-Patron of The Adjutant General's Corps Regimental Association, Patron of Army Families Federation, Patron of The Bobath Children's Therapy Centre in Wales, Patron of Bobath Cerebral Palsy Therapy Centre in Scotland, Patron of The Chailey Heritage Foundation, Patron of The Civil Service Sports Council, Patron of The Enham Trust, Chief Patron of Fleming Fulton School, Royal Patron of The Friends of Cathedral Music's Diamond Fund for Choristers, Patron of Friends of St Paul's Cathedral, Patron of The Learning in Harmony Project, Patron of The Medical Women's Federation, Patron of The Papworth Trust, Fellow of The Queen’s Mary College at the University of London, President of The Royal Alexandra and Albert School, Patron of The Royal Army Educational Corps Association, Patron of The Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Patron of The Scottish Opera, Royal Patron of SHINE, Commandant-in-Chief of St John Ambulance in Wales (St. John Cymru Wales), Patron of The Arts Society, Patron of The Embroiderers' Guild, Patron of The Hospitallers' Club of Wales, & Honorary President of The Lawn Tennis Association
Catherine “Kate” Elizabeth (née Middleton)
Her Royal Highness Catherine The Princess of Wales, The Duchess of Cornwall, The Countess of Chester, & The Duchess of Rothesay
Saturday, January 9th, 1982 in Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, England
Father: Michael Francis Middleton
Mother: Carole Elizabeth (née Goldsmith) Middleton
Younger Sister: Philippa “Pippa” Charlotte (née Middleton) Matthews
Younger Brother: James William Middleton
Brother In Law: His Royal Highness Prince Henry (Harry), The Duke of Sussex
Brother In Law: James Matthews
Oldest Nephew: Arthur Michael William Matthews
Oldest Niece: Grace Elizabeth Jane Matthews
Youngest Nephew: Prince Archie of Sussex
Youngest Niece: Princess Lilibett of Sussex
His Royal Highness Prince William of Wales (M. 2011)
Oldest Son: His Royal Highness Prince George of Wales
Daughter: Her Royal Highness Princess Charlotte of Wales
Youngest Son: His Royal Highness Prince Louis of Wales
English - Language Nursery School
St. Andrews School
Downe House School
Marlborough College
University of St. Andrews: Master of Arts in History of Art
British Institute of Florence
Culture
Chilean Culture
Italian Culture
Education:
Biology
Chemistry
History
Museums
Research
Environment:
Gardening
Natural Resources
Protect Vulnerable Environments
Health:
Addiction
Children’s Health
Gynecology
Health Charities
Health Services
Hospices
Hospitals
Mental Health
Obstetricians
Safe Water
Sanitation
People:
Children
Scouts (Children, Teen, & Adult)
The Disadvantaged
Women
Social Issues:
Poverty
Social Isolation
Sports:
Crew
Cricket
Croquet
Field Hockey
High Jump
Hockey
Law Tennis
Netball
Sailing
Support
Tennis
The Arts:
Art Galleries
Catalogue Design & Production
Fashion
Music
Photography
Writing
Founder Patron:
The Royal Foundation of The Duke & Duchess of Cambridge
Honorary Life Membership:
The Marylebone Cricket Club
Membership:
Tuvalu Order of Merit
Other Work:
Accessory Buyer: Jigsaw
Ambassador: The 2012 Summer Olympics
Co-Designer: The Royal Horticultural Society
Competitor: King’s Cup Yacht Regatta
Contributor: HuffPost UK - Young Minds Matter Movement
Crew Member: The World Challenge Boats
Deck Hand: The Port of Southhampton
Event Coordinator: The Boodles Boxing Ball
Family Business: Catalogue Design & Production, Marketing, & Photography
Fundraiser Organizer: Place2Be
Initiated Heads Together with the Duke of Cambridge & Duke of Sussex
Member: The Lumsden Club
Party Essentials Organizer: Starlight Children's Foundation
Photography Exhibition Curator: UNICEF Fundraiser
Volunteer: Raleigh International & The Royal Voluntary Service
Part Time Waitress
Patron:
100 Women in Hedge Fund's Philanthropic Initiatives
Action for Children
Action on Addiction
All England Lawn Tennis & Croquet Club
Anna Freud National Centre for Children & Families
Evelina London Children’s Hospital
Family Action
NHS Charities Together
Place2Be
SportsAid
The 1851 Trust
The Foundling Museum
The Law Tennis Association
The National History Museum
The National Portrait Gallery
The Royal Photographic Society
The Royal Society of Medicine
The Victoria and Albert Museum
President:
The Scout Association
Royal Patron:
East Anglia’s Children’s Hospices
M-Pact Programme
The Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists
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1. @/KateMidleton: One of my favorite Fan Instagrams of the British Royal Family! This account is mostly based on The Duchess of Cambridge, but the account does discuss topics such as: Royal Weddings, Royal Events (Ascot, Birthdays, Christmas, Tours, Yearly Recaps), The Middleton Family, The Duchess of Cambridge’s Fashion, The Cambridge Family, Throwbacks, Patronages, & more! Definitely recommend this page!
2. @/WorldRoyals: This account is so incredible! They post not only about the British Royal Family, but royal families in different countries! Now, they are private & you do have to request to follow them, but the account has not been active since 2018... But if you already follow them go give the account love! They talk about The Royal Family of Belgium, The Royal Family of Denmark, The Royal Family of England, The Royal Family of Monaco, The Royal Family of The Netherlands, The Royal Family of Spain, & The Royal Family of Sweden.
3. @/Hrhtheroyals: Once again another Fan Instagram of The Duchess of Cambridge (Yes I love her & she is my favorite duchess) & The Duchess of Sussex. They do mostly multiple collages posts instead of single pictures, which I think is so great as we can see the different outfits, event pictures, & so much more. This account talks about the children, engagements/patronages, fashion (Mostly), news, & Royal Events of both duchesses.
List of British Royal Family Instagrams:
1. The Duke of York: @/hrhthedukeofyork
2. Princess Eugenie: @/princesseugenie
3. Sarah Ferguson: @/sarahferguson15
4. The Duke & Duchess of Cornwall: @/clarencehouse
5. The Duke & Duchess of Sussex: @/sussexroyal
6. The Duke & Duchess of Cambridge: @/kensingtonroyal
7. The British Royal Family: @/theroyalfamily
8. Zenouska Mowatt: @/zenouska1
9. Amelia Windsor: @/amelwindsor
10. Flora Oglivy: @/florarteviste
11. Alexander Oglivy: @/brogilvy
12. James Oglivy: @/ogilvylandscape
13. Cassius Taylor: @/cee__t
14. Columbus Taylor: _columbustaylor_
15. Arthur Chatto: @/artchatto
16. Samuel Chatto: @/samchatto
17. Mike Tindall: @/mike_tindall12 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1. @houseofwindsorfan: I LOVE THIS SWEET ONE SO FREAKING MUCH! She is so sweet & I have been talking to her for a little over 2 months now! We have the best conversations about life, the royals, history, & so much more! Honestly my first Tumblr Best Friend & my number 1 supporter of my account & work! Her account is also so freaking adorable & such an aesthetic! Thank you Christie for being so freaking amazing & I love you sweet girl!
2. @tartanandtulle: 1 word. Obsessed! @tartanandtulle & I have the best conversations on my posts! I highly recommend giving them a follow! Also they are so supportive of other accounts & reblog such amazing content plus their own content! Forever one of my favorites!
3. @bella2491: Such a sweet girl! I love EmmyK so much! Her account is the realist & gives her opinion straight up & I love it! Also posts all the news of the British Royal Family, so definitely want to follow if you want family news! Also her icon photo is on the top of my England To Do bucket list! I love you girl!
4. @antique-royals: Such an incredible website! This account blew my absolute mind when I first stumbled upon it & wow! The account is focused on post royal women, past royal men, past royal history, old fashion, & so much more! Definitely would recommend giving them a follow for amazing content! Also can we talk about their website design???? It reminds me of an antique shop, I once visited!
5. @royallyobsessedx: AHHHH ONE OF THE BIGGEST FAVORITE WORLD ROYALS ACCOUNT! I love the British Royal Family don't get me wrong but seeing the other beautiful & interesting royal families around the world, it’s just amazing to learn such other beautiful cultures. I hope to keep learning from this account & also their website is beautifully designed!
6. @catherinerosemary: It’s such a rarity to see so much love spread for The Duke & Duchess of Cornwall, but this beautiful account is! They post such beautiful pictures of the Prince & Duchess that I’ve never seen before & they also post royal opinions that people have. It’s such a great account & such a rarity. I love it!
7. @duchakaladydiana: I cry every time I’m on this beautiful website. The wonderful owner Joy has dedicated her Tumblr to the beautiful & inspiring Princess Diana & her 2 sons Prince William & Prince Harry. Joy posts the most beautiful pictures of the late Princess & scenes from interviews where the princes talk about their mother. A truly beautiful dedication.
8. @katecambridge24: Y'all must think I’m obsessed with the Duchess of Cambridge (I posted about 2 Duchess Instagrams & I run a royals blog) but she is such a big inspiration to be the women she is one day. This account post opinions about the family & it’s so honest & I love it! They also post some amazingly beautiful & adorable pictures of the Cambridge family!
9. @royalpain16: Such an elegant account dedicated to an elegant family! Royal Pain is such a beautiful fan account & they work so hard! They post such adorable content of the Cambridge Family & the Royal Family! My aesthetics inspiration!
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*Note: I do not use Facebook. This will just be how to keep up with British Royals on Facebook.*
1. The British Royal Family
2. The Duke of York
3. Kensington Palace
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The British Royal Family
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1. My Personal Twitter (I AM PRIVATE! Please message me for a request here on Tumblr so I know who you are!)
2. The British Royal Family
3. Replicate Royal: I love this account! It gives advice & links to fashion for how to dress like the women of the British Royal Family!
4. Mike Tindall
5. The Duke & Duchess of Cambridge
6. The Duke & Duchess of Cornwall
7. Sarah Ferguson
8. Princess Beatrice
9. Zenouska Mowatt
𝒫𝓇𝒾𝓃𝒸𝑒 𝒜𝓃𝒹𝓇𝑒𝓌
♕ 𝐹𝓊𝓁𝓁 𝒩𝒶𝓂𝑒: Andrew Albert Christian Edward
♕ 𝐹𝓊𝓁𝓁 𝒯𝒾𝓉𝓁𝑒: His Royal Highness Andrew Albert Christian Edward The Duke of York
♕ 𝐵𝓸𝓇𝓃: Friday, February 19th, 1960 at in the Belgian Suite at Buckingham Palace in London, England
♕ 𝒫𝒶𝓇𝑒𝓃𝓉𝓈: Her Majesty The Queen (Mother) & His Royal Highness Prince Philip The Duke of Edinburgh (Father)
♕ 𝒮𝒾𝒷𝓁𝒾𝓃𝑔𝓈: His Royal Highness Prince Charles Prince of Wales (Brother), Her Royal Highness Anne The Princess Royal (Sister), & His Royal Highness Prince Edward The Earl of Wessex (Brother)
♕ 𝒮𝓅𝓸𝓊𝓈𝑒: Sarah Ferguson The Duchess of York (M. 1986 & D. 1996)
♕ 𝒞𝒽𝒾𝓁𝒹𝓇𝑒𝓃: Her Royal Highness Princess Beatrice of York (Daughter) & Her Royal Highness Princess Eugenie of York/Mrs. Jack Brooksbank (Daughter)
♕ 𝐸𝒹𝓊𝒸𝒶𝓉𝒾𝓸𝓃: Buckingham Palace, Heatherdown School (Ascot, Berkshire, England), Gordonstoun (Moray, Scotland: GCE Advanced Level in English, History, Economics, & Political Science), Lakefield College School Exchange Program (Lakefield, Ontario, K0L 2H0, Canada), & Britannia Royal Naval College
♕ 𝐼𝓃𝓉𝑒𝓇𝑒𝓈𝓉𝓈 𝒶𝓃𝒹 𝒫𝒶𝓉𝓇𝑜𝓃𝒶𝑔𝑒𝓈: Interests: Armed Forces (Air Force, Disabled, Fire Service, History, Marines, Navy, Police, Veterans, & Wounded), Business (Defense, Developements, Enterprise, Entrepreneurship, International Relations, Investment, Religion, Security, Skills, Trade, & Travel), Education (Engineering, Science, & Technology), Health (Blindness, Eye Diseases, Hospitals, Liver Disease, Orthopedics), Nature (Canoeing, Education, Space, & Wildlife), Sports (Badminton, Boat Racing, Canoeing, Cricket, Golf, Sail Training, Shooting, Skiing) & The Arts (Dance, Theatre), Young People (Child Abuse, Children, Education, Scouts, Women). Patronages: Captain (Now Ex-Captain) of The The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews, Chair for The Quad Centenary Council, Chancellor of The University of Huddersfield, Founder of The Duke of York Young Entrepreneur Award, Founder of The Duke of York Award for Technical Education, Founder of The Inspiring Digital Enterprise Award, Founder of The Pitch@Palace Initiative, Founder of The Prince Andrew Charitable Trust, Fund Raiser for The Outward Bound Trust, Fund Raiser for The Royal Marines Charitable Trust Fund, GBx of GBx, Grand President of The (British) Royal Commonwealth Ex-Services League, Honorary Chairperson of Lakefield College School, Honorary Fellowship at Hughes Hall in Cambridge University, Honorary International Trustee of Outward Bound International, Honorary Member of The Company of Cutlers in Hallamshire, Honorary Member of The Royal Guild of St Sebastian (Royal Guild of Archers of St. Sebastian - Bruges), Honorary Member of The Royal Hospital School, Honorary Police Inspector of The California State Police, Honorary President of The H.M.S. Duke of York Association, Honorary President of The Inverness Golf Club, Joint Patron of The Killyleagh Yacht Club, Life Member of The Inverness Branch of The Royal British Legion in Scotland, Liveryman of The Worshipful Company of Shipwrights, Member of The International Advisory Board of the Royal United Services Institute, Member of The Scout Association, Partner of Women's Interlink Foundation (A project called Key to Freedom), Patron of 2015 International Year of Light, Patron of Action on Hearing Loss, Patron of Attend (National Association of Hospital and Community Friends), Patron of Badminton in England, Patron of Badminton in Wales (Welsh Badminton Union), Patron of Catalyst Inc., Patron of Constructionarium, Patron of Fight for Sight, Patron of Hunstanton Golf Club, Patron of Malaria No More UK, Patron of Power 2, Patron of Round Square, Patron of TeenTech, Patron of The 21st Doncaster Scout Group, Patron of The Alderney Maritime Trust, Patron of The Army Museums Ogilby Trust, Patron of The Army Officers' Golfing Society, Patron of The Army Rifle Association, Patron of The Aycliffe Centre for Young People, Patron of The Patron of The Baker Dearing Educational Trust, Patron of The Berkshire County Cricket Club, Patron of The Bermuda Sloop Foundation, Patron of The British Deaf Association, Patron of The British Science Association (formerly British Association for the Advancement of Science), Patron of The British-Kazakh Society, Patron of The Canadian Canoe Museum, Patron of The Centre for Engineering and Manufacturing Excellence, Patron of The Children North East, Patron of The City Gateway, Patron of The Commonwealth Golfing Society, Patron of The Council of British International Schools (COBIS), Patron of The Eden Court Theatre Improvement Project, Patron of The English National Ballet, Patron of The Enterprise Education Trust, Patron of The Falkland Islands Memorial Chapel Trust, Patron of The Falklands Conservation, Patron of The Fire Service Sports and Athletics Association, Patron of The Fly Navy Heritage Trust, Patron of The Foundation for Liver Research, Patron of The Friends of Lakefield College School, Patron of The Friends of the Staffordshire Regiment (The Prince of Wales's), Patron of The Golf Foundation, Patron of The Greenwich Hospital, Patron of The Intercontinental Church Society, Patron of The Interfaith Explorers, Patron of The International Festival for Business (IFB), Patron of The International Space Innovation Centre, Patron of The Jubilee Sailing Trust, Patron of The Kohima Educational Trust, Patron of The London Metropolitan University, Patron of The Lucifer Golfing Society, Patron of The Maimonides Interfaith Foundation, Patron of The Maple Bay Yacht Club, Patron of The Middle East Association, Patron of The Morayvia Aerospace Centre, Patron of The National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children Full Stop Campaign (NSPCC), Patron of The Nominet Trust, Patron of The On Course Foundation, Patron of The Police Treatment Centres, Patron of The Port of Dartmouth Royal Regatta, Patron of The Raspberry Pi Foundation, Patron of The Richmond Golf Club, Patron of The Robert T. Jones, Jr. Scholarship Foundation, Patron of The Royal Aero Club Trust, Patron of The Royal Air Force Golfing Society, Patron of The Royal Artillery Golfing Society, Patron of The Royal Ascot Golf Club, Patron of The Royal Belfast Golf Club, Patron of The Royal Blackheath Golf Club, Patron of The Royal Cinque Ports Golf Club, Patron of The Royal College of Ophthalmologists, Patron of The Royal County Down Golf Club, Patron of The Royal Fine Art Commission Trust, Patron of The Royal Free Charity, Patron of The Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Patron of The Royal Jersey Golf Club, Patron of The Royal Liverpool Golf Club, Patron of The Royal Montrose Golf Club, Patron of The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Patron of The Royal Navy Golf Association, Patron of The Royal Navy Golfing Society, Patron In Chief of The British Exploring Society (BSES Expeditions), President of The Association of Leading Visitor Attractions (ALVA), President of The Faldo Junior Series, Special Representative for International Trade and Investment for UK Trade & Investments (Department for Business, Innovation and Skills), President of The Royal Aero Club of the United Kingdom, President of The St. James's Branch of The Royal British Legion, Visitor to Horris Hill School, Visitor to The Royal Hospital School, & the Duke of York is patron, member, president, visitor, etc. of more charities & clubs throughout the UK.
𝒯𝓇𝒶𝑔𝑒𝒹𝓎
The Death of His Majesty King George V
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𝒟𝑒𝒸𝓁𝒾𝓃𝒾𝓃𝑔 𝐻𝑒𝒶𝓁𝓉𝒽
George V had developed a lot of health problems after the First World War & it took a toll on him. George was injured on Thursday, October 28th, 1915 when he was thrown from a horse & he also developed Chronic Bronchitis from his heavy smoking addiction. 10 years later in 1925, he was sent on a cruise to the Mediterranean which was used to help him recuperate.
3 years later in 1929, he developed an illness called Sepsis, which is a life-threatening condition for when the body’s response to an infection causes injuries to both the tissues & the organs. The King’s body never recovered from years of illness & injury, so in last year of life, he was administered oxygen.
6 years later, when George’s sister Her Royal Highness The Princess Victoria died, it sent the King into a deep state of depression. 1 year after his sister’s death on January 15th, 1936, George went to his bedroom at Sandringham House, complaining of a cold. The cold turned the King’s body for the worst, as he became weaker & would drift in & out of consciousness. George’s nurse Catherine Black & physician Lord Dawson of Penn, gave him a sedative the night of his death which consisted of 3/4 gram of morphine & 1 gram of cocaine. The family did not approve of the injection but also did not want the King’s death to be painful & slow.
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𝒟𝒶𝓎 𝑜𝒻 𝒟𝑒𝒶𝓉𝒽
Monday, January 20th, 1936 at Sandringham House in Norfolk at 70 Years Old
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𝒞𝒶𝓊𝓈𝑒 𝑜𝒻 𝒟𝑒𝒶𝓉𝒽
Declining Health & Lethal Injection
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𝐹𝓊𝓃𝑒𝓇𝒶𝓁
As the King’s health declined, multiple close sources of the King’s came forward with updates on his decline.
The first source was Prime Minister Baldwin who wrote, “Each time he became conscious it was some kind inquiry or kind observation of someone, some words of gratitude for kindness shown. But he did say to his secretary when he sent for him: "How is the Empire?" An unusual phrase in that form, and the secretary said: "All is well, sir, with the Empire", and the King gave him a smile and relapsed once more into unconsciousness.”
The second source was Lord Dawson of Penn (The King’s Physician) who issued a bulletin that had “The King's life is moving peacefully towards its close,” written on it. Lord Dawson also kept updates in journals with the King’s last words written in it which were “God Damn You,” which was said to his nurse Catherine Black. He also said he wanted the injection to happen at night, so that the death of the King could make the morning edition of British Newspaper The Times.
British Pathé News announced the King’s death, the next morning & described the King as “More than a King, a father of a great family.” BBC Studios was next for the broadcast, as German composer Paul Hindemith & English Conductor Adrian Boult along with the BBC Symphony Orchestra, performed a Mourning Music that evening.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C6y1KYItRzQ (British Pathé News Broadcast)
The night before the funeral, the King’s sons’ His Royal Highness Edward The Duke of Windsor, His Majesty King George (Albert) VI, & His Royal Highness Henry The Duke of Gloucester, mounted the Vigil of the Princes guard at the Catafalque. The sons did this in respect to their father who was now gone. The King was lied in state at Westminster Hall but was interred at St. George’s Chapel at Windsor Castle on Tuesday, January 28th, 1936.
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𝒮𝓊𝒸𝑒𝓈𝓈𝑜𝓇
1. His Royal Highness Edward The Duke of Windsor (Abdicated)
2. His Majesty King George (Albert) VI (Took the Throne after Edward Abdicated)
𝒳𝒶𝓃 𝒲𝒾𝓃𝒹𝓈𝑜𝓇
♕ 𝐹𝓊𝓁𝓁 𝒩𝒶𝓂𝑒: Xan Richard Anders Windsor
♕ 𝐹𝓊𝓁𝓁 𝒯𝒾𝓉𝓁𝑒: Xan Richard Anders Windsor Lord Culloden
♕ 𝐵𝓸𝓇𝓃: Monday, March 12th, 2007
♕ 𝒫𝒶𝓇𝑒𝓃𝓉𝓈: Major Alexander Patrick Gregers Richard Windsor Earl of Ulster (Father) & Claire Alexandra (Booth) Windsor Countess of Ulster (Mother)
♕ 𝒮𝒾𝒷𝓁𝒾𝓃𝑔𝓈: Lady Cosima Rose Alexandra Windsor (Sister)
♕ 𝒮𝓊𝒸𝒸𝑒𝓈𝓈𝒾𝑜𝓃: Xan is second in line for the dukedom of Gloucester and 29th in line for the throne, after his father. He will be given the title Earl of Ulster once his father becomes the duke.
"ι really нope ι can мaĸe a dιғғerence, even ιn тнe ѕмalleѕт way." - dυcнeѕѕ oғ caмвrιdge.
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